Data Converters

Data storage units have two competing definitions, which is why a "1 TB" drive shows up as roughly 931 GB in Windows. Manufacturers and the SI standard use powers of 1,000 (kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte), while operating systems have traditionally counted in powers of 1,024 (kibibyte, mebibyte, gibibyte). The converters here use the decimal definitions by default and let you pick binary units from the drop-down, so you can reconcile advertised and reported capacities.

All data converters

Bytes to Kilobytes1 B = 0.001 KB Gigabytes to Megabytes1 GB = 1,000 MB Gigabytes to Terabytes1 GB = 0 TB Kilobytes to Megabytes1 KB = 0.001 MB Megabytes to Gigabytes1 MB = 0.001 GB Terabytes to Gigabytes1 TB = 0 GB

Things to know about data conversions

Storage manufacturers use decimal units (1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes). Many operating systems report binary units (1 GiB = 1,073,741,824 bytes) but label them "GB", which is why drives look smaller than advertised.
File sizes use bytes (B). Network speeds use bits (b) per second. Divide megabits by 8 to estimate megabytes per second.
The binary prefixes kibi, mebi, gibi and tebi (KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB) remove the ambiguity, and are available in the unit drop-downs.

Data conversion chart

Read across: one of the unit in the left column equals the value shown under each unit.

1 unit =	bit	B	KB	MB	GB	TB	PB	KiB	MiB	GiB	TiB
bit	1	0.125	0.000125	1.25 × 10^-7	0	0	0	0.0001221	1.192 × 10^-7	0	0
B	8	1	0.001	1 × 10^-6	1 × 10^-9	0	0	0.0009766	9.537 × 10^-7	0	0
KB	8,000	1,000	1	0.001	0	0	0	0.9766	0.0009537	0	0
MB	8,000,000	1,000,000	1,000	1	0.001	0	0	976.6	0.9537	0	0
GB	8,000,000,000	1,000,000,000	1,000,000	1,000	1	0	0	976,563	953.7	0	0
TB	8 × 10¹²	1 × 10¹²	1,000,000,000	1,000,000	0	1	0	976,562,500	953,674	0	0
PB	8 × 10¹⁵	1 × 10¹⁵	1 × 10¹²	1,000,000,000	0	0	1	976,562,500,000	953,674,316	0	0
KiB	8,192	1,024	1.024	0.001024	1.024 × 10^-6	0	0	1	0.0009766	0	0
MiB	8,388,608	1,048,576	1,049	1.049	0.001049	0	0	1,024	1	0	0
GiB	8,589,934,592	1,073,741,824	1,073,742	1,074	1.074	0	0	1,048,576	1,024	1	0
TiB	8.796 × 10¹²	1.1 × 10¹²	1,099,511,628	1,099,512	1,100	0	0	1,073,741,824	1,048,576	0	1

Data units explained

Bit (bit): A bit is a single binary digit, 0 or 1. Network speeds are quoted in bits per second, while file sizes use bytes.
Byte (B): A byte is eight bits and holds one character of basic text. It is the base unit for file sizes.
Kilobyte (KB): In the decimal (SI) system a kilobyte is 1,000 bytes. A short text email is a few kilobytes.
Megabyte (MB): A megabyte is 1,000 kilobytes (1,000,000 bytes). A typical smartphone photo is a few megabytes.
Gigabyte (GB): A gigabyte is 1,000 megabytes. Phones, memory sticks and download limits are commonly sized in gigabytes.
Terabyte (TB): A terabyte is 1,000 gigabytes. Hard drives and SSDs are sold in terabytes.
Petabyte (PB): A petabyte is 1,000 terabytes. It is the scale of data centers and large cloud services.
Kibibyte (KiB): A kibibyte is 1,024 bytes, the binary counterpart of the kilobyte.
Mebibyte (MiB): A mebibyte is 1,024 kibibytes, or 1,048,576 bytes.
Gibibyte (GiB): A gibibyte is 1,024 mebibytes, or 1,073,741,824 bytes. Operating systems often show this value but label it "GB".
Tebibyte (TiB): A tebibyte is 1,024 gibibytes, about 1.1 terabytes.